Moulay Abd al-Hafid and the End of Moroccan Independence

In 1912, Sultan Moulay Abd al-Hafid signed away Morocco's sovereignty in the Treaty of Fes, establishing a French protectorate. But this was no simple capitulation: Abd al-Hafid had come to power in 1908 amid a civil war against his own brother, Moulay Abd al-Aziz, backed by the tribal leader Madani al-Glaoui. The episode explores the kā'id system, the role of the Grand Vizier, and the crushing debt that forced Morocco into French hands. It also examines the Algeciras Conference, the Casablanca uprising of 1907, and the legend of the 'Makhzen'—the palace bureaucracy that had once ruled Morocco with an iron fist. Lucas and Luna trace how European economic penetration, internal revolt, and the ambitions of local strongmen like al-Glaoui dismantled the Alaouite sultanate from within, leading to the abdication of Abd al-Hafid in 1912 after barely four years on the throne. #MoulayAbdAlHafid #TreatyOfFes #MoroccanHistory #FrenchProtectorate #MadaniAlGlaoui #AlgecirasConference #Makhzen #SultanAbdAlAziz #Casablanca1907 #Morocco1912 #AlaouiteDynasty #NorthAfrica #Colonialism #History #FexingoHistory #Protectorate #AbdAlHafid #MoroccoSultan #Morocco #Almoravid Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo