The Alawite Sultan Who Sold Morocco to Europe: Abd al-Hafid's Bitter Choice

In 1912, Sultan Abd al-Hafid signed the Treaty of Fez, handing Morocco to France. But how did a man who came to power as a resistance leader end up as the sultan who sold his country? This episode traces Abd al-Hafid's rise after his brother's disastrous rule, the siege of Fez that broke his will, the crushing debt owed to European banks, and the tragic irony that the man who fought for independence became the symbol of surrender. Along the way we meet the German gunboat Panther, the ulama who reluctantly backed him, and the guerrilla leader al-Hiba who refused to accept the treaty. A story of impossible choices, French pressure, and a sultan trapped between two worlds. #Abd al-Hafid #Treaty of Fez #French Protectorate #Alawite Dynasty #Moulay Abd al-Hafid #Sultan Abd al-Hafid #Morocco #El Hiba #Agadir Crisis #Panther #French Colonialism #Makhzen #1912 #Berber Dahir #History #FexingoHistory #NorthAfrica #Algeciras Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo