The Last Sultan of Independent Morocco: Moulay Hafid

In our 200th episode, we explore the brief and dramatic reign of Sultan Moulay Hafid, the last ruler of an independent Morocco before the French protectorate. We trace his rise to power in 1908, when he deposed his brother Abd al-Aziz amid tribal revolts and European pressure. We discuss his efforts to reform the makhzen, his struggles against the pretender Bou Hmara, the Agadir Crisis of 1911, and the Treaty of Fez in 1912 that ended Moroccan sovereignty. Along the way, we consider the legacy of the sultan who abdicated rather than rule under the French — and how his choices still resonate in Morocco's memory. #MoulayHafid #Morocco #FrenchProtectorate #TreatyOfFez #AgadirCrisis #BouHmara #Makhzen #History #FexingoHistory #NorthAfrica #Sultan #1912 #Colonialism #AbdAlAziz #1908 #MoroccanHistory #Alaouite #Fez Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo