The Riffian Republic: Morocco's Forgotten Mountain State

In the 1920s, a brief-lived republic emerged in Morocco's Rif mountains, led by the charismatic Abd el-Krim. For five years, the Riffians fought off Spanish and French colonial armies, establishing a modern state with its own currency, postal system, and even a national anthem. This episode explores the rise and fall of the Republic of the Rif — from the battle of Annual, where Abd el-Krim dealt Spain its worst colonial defeat since the Spanish-American War, to the crushing alliance of France and Spain that eventually overwhelmed the mountain republic. We also touch on the surprising legacies: the Rif's influence on anti-colonial movements from Vietnam to Algeria, and the enduring symbol of resistance in the Rif today.

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